as ‘charismatic’ leaders were elected by God himself, and their identity was often unknown to the people whom they were to lead. It is equally plausible that the leaders themselves were in need of a confirmation, as they often doubted their own calling to leadership. For example, when Saul was anointed by Samuel to become the first king of Israel (1 Sam. 10), his election to leadership was completely concealed. Saul must have been the first one who was surprised when he was invited by Samuel to the